What Are the Zoning Requirements for a Solar Farm?

While the prospects of solar farm development are attractive, there are many components to consider before you can begin operating. One of the most important elements you must address as a developer is solar farm zoning. Local zoning is essential because it’s the first part of a project that determines success or failure. Navigating these local solar zoning requirements is a critical step in confirming that your land meets the standards for energy production.

Our team at Solar Liberty holds a strong grasp of the various regulations that exist across different localities. We understand how daunting and intimidating the process can seem to a property owner. Zoning is determined by local governments, and there are very specific rules that can differ wildly from one region to the next. Knowledge equips you, and by partnering with a team like ours at Solar Liberty, you are more likely to enjoy a project that is efficient, thorough and smooth.

What Zoning Means for Solar Farm Development

In order to ensure harmony within the community, local governments put zoning laws in place to make sure that any new development does not create a conflict for pre-existing properties. When a developer decides to learn more about solar farm land use, they must first understand the specific category their property fits into and the different infrastructure requirements needed for that area. Understanding these rules early on prevents friction with the surrounding community later.

In most cases, land is divided into four primary zones: agricultural, commercial, residential and industrial. When a property is within a residential zone, it is almost impossible to develop a solar farm because these projects are usually not allowed in close proximity to homes. While industrial zones are often considered the “sweet spot” for utility-scale energy, many potential sites are found in rural areas. Solar farms are unique because they tend to be treated as a utility usage even if they are situated on land that looks like it belongs in the agricultural category.

This classification can make things complicated for a landowner. Because solar farming is not viewed as traditional agriculture, it does not always have access to the easier requirements that traditional farming enjoys.

Common Zoning Classifications That Allow Solar Farms

In many cases, agricultural districts are the ideal spaces for zoning for solar farm projects because they provide the flat, open land required for ground mount solar systems. By offering a stable source of additional income, solar effort become instrumental in helping farmers keep their land while maintaining their agricultural practices. This type of incentive may help secure community approval.

Additionally, many counties are now creating regulations with the future in mind. These forward-thinking districts often have specific permits that make it easier to secure land for solar purposes. In your county, find out if there is a classification called an “energy overlay district.” These are created specifically to facilitate and support efforts in renewable energy development. While solar farm zoning varies by region, knowing what is available in your specific area and understanding the solar zoning requirements will make a difference in your chances of getting a project approved on a specific site.

Special Use Permits, Conditional Use Permits and Variances

If you are looking at a zone where solar is only allowed under specific circumstances, you will likely need to explore special use permits and conditional use permits. These permits essentially make your project a “special case” in the eyes of the local government. When you apply for one of these, the county or municipality will review the specific details of your project to ensure it will not disrupt the surrounding area or negatively impact the community. This process involves public hearings. The general public and your neighbors can share their opinions and concerns. During commercial solar project planning, it is vital to do your due diligence and have your research ready so that you can confidently address any questions that arise during these meetings.

Sometimes, a variance comes into play. A variance is an opportunity for you to ask for special consideration or an exception to a specific zoning rule. For example, if there is a rule regarding height limits that would interfere with your panels, you can request a variance to be the exception to that rule. Because solar farms have such unique technical needs, these nuances are often approved if you provide the right data. At Solar Liberty, we encourage you to factor in at least a couple of months for these approvals. While it can be time-consuming, these permits are necessary if you want to provide commercial solar installation services and build your project without breaking any local laws.

Setback, Size and Land Use Requirements

When you are dealing with a ground mount solar layout design, consider setbacks. Setbacks are the mandatory distances you must maintain between your solar equipment and things like public roads, property lines and surrounding buildings. These rules manage the visual aesthetic and make emergency vehicles.

During the planning phase, some of the common land use requirements you will likely run into include:

• Minimum acreage requirements (often ranging from 5 to 10 acres for smaller commercial farms).
• Setbacks that typically range from 50 to 100 feet from all property boundaries.
• Height restrictions for panels, which are usually capped at 10 to 15 feet.
• Mandatory security fencing and gated access to prevent unauthorized entry.
• Visual screening requirements, such as hedgerows or evergreen trees, to hide the equipment from view.

Environmental, Agricultural and Community Considerations

Be prepared to provide a stormwater management plan to confirm your commercial solar installation doesn’t interfere with local traffic and more. A decommissioning plan is another necessary document in the process of proving how your efforts will protect the community. By transparently addressing the commercial solar project steps before you invest a lot of money, you’ll avoid permit surprises. Consult with professionals in commercial solar project planning who can provide clarity and a sound perspective.

Why Early Zoning Review Saves Time and Money

Never jump into an investment without counting the costs. By connecting with experienced professionals early, you can decide if you should invest in battery storage systems to maximize your land use. Understanding your solar financing options and the available solar incentives guide is only helpful if the land itself is cleared for development. Taking the time to check these requirements ensures your monitoring and performance goals are achievable from day one.

Start With Zoning Before You Invest in a Solar Farm

When you prioritize zoning regulations in your solar farm land use efforts, this makes your steps toward completion much easier. At Solar Liberty, we’re equipped to assist landowners through this process from monitoring and performance to sorting through the right battery storage options. Consider our comprehensive commercial solar solutions and knowledge in solar incentives and rebates to help your project succeed. Contact Solar Liberty today to learn how we can bring your solar farm to life!